Above each sun are two hands holding trumpets, heralding the dawning of the gospel in this dispensation. A star stone was placed above each sunstone. Access to the first floor mezzanine was directly from landings of the two staircases in the west end of the building. [Page 162] In addition, the rituals of the Lodge enabled Mormon Masons to become familiar with symbols and forms they would later encounter in the Nauvoo temple. On April 6, 1841, the temple's cornerstone was laid under the direction of Joseph Smith, the church founder and president; Sidney Rigdon gave the principal oration. A fitting symbol resting a top the highest pinacle of the Nauvoo Temple, where the Spirit of the Lord, even the Holy Ghost, rests down upon those assembled. One account even reported that “a flame of fire” was seen “to rest upon the temple.” A flight of eight broad steps led to a landing where two more steps entered three archways. The next level down had P.S.Q for President of the Seventy Quorums. These archways led to the vestibule, the formal entrance to the temple. . The next lower pulpits had P.P.Q., for President of the Priests Quorum. Nauvoo Illinois Temple. The inverted star stained glass windows on the Nauvoo Temple are surrounded by 12 stones, symbolic of Christ as the central focus for Israel. The basement of the Nauvoo Temple was used as the baptistry, containing a large baptismal font in the center of the main room. CTR shieldThe popular phrase “Choose the Right” got its start in LDS culture with the hymn by the … This loss of meaning is one of the main reasons the questions outlined at the beginning of this paper should be addressed when determining the role of religious artifacts displayed at museums and at historic sites. It included lamps for night illumination, and may have been carpeted near the attic landing. Much of that quarry, however, was submerged by rising water behind the Keokuk Dam in 1912. The lip of the font was seven feet from the floor. Above each sun are two hands holding trumpets, heralding the dawning of the gospel in this dispensation. The Great Hall occupied the remainder of the floor space East of the vestibule. There may have been some kind of tank at the eastern end of the baptistry to store and heat water.[9]. They change over time. BYU Studies 41 no. In 1877 the president of the newly dedicated St. George Temple, Wilford Woodruff, requested permission of Church President Brigham Young to set apart others to perform sealings. It was roughed in with temporary boards resting on the risers. The Nauvoo Temple was designed in the Greek Revival style by architect William Weeks, under the direction of Joseph Smith. Accordingly, each pulpit had initials identifying the priesthood office of the occupant. Church leaders commissioned this painting from artist Lewis A. Ramsey in 1923 for the centennial of Moroni’s first visit to Joseph Smith. In 1999, church president Gordon B. Hinckley announced the rebuilding of the temple on its original footprint. It has been suggested that these rooms were used initially by William Weeks, because they are referred by Thomas Bullock as the "architect's room." The sunstone, moontstone and starstones. Below that, the labels were P.H.Q. There’s a scene from The DaVinci Code that illustrates this point well: Symbols have different meanings to different people. At its base the Nauvoo Temple was 128 feet (39 m) long and 88 feet (27 m) wide with a tower and weather vane reaching to 164 feet (50 m). Just as with the second floor assembly room, there is no evidence that these rooms were ever completed, except perhaps for the partitions dividing each room. The Nauvoo sunstone, with its human face, is similar to the Masonic depictions of the sun. Lisle G. Brown. Nor were they symmetrical, being sixteen feet in diameter from East to West and seventeen feet in diameter from North to South. See Benson Whittle, “The Sunstones of Nauvoo: An Interpretive Account of the Temple Capitals,”, Lewis A. Ramsey’s Painting of the Angel Moroni. Finally, the New York Home Missionary Society expressed interest in leasing the building as a school, but around midnight on October 8–9, 1848, the temple was set on fire by an unknown arsonist. However, Joseph Smith's youngest son, David Smith, rendered a painting of the temple's damaged facade, clearly shows half-circular windows at the basement level in the north and south corners of the facade. [9], The incline of the roof prevented a six-foot-tall man from standing erect along the outside wall. The Latter Day Saints made preparations to build a temple soon after establishing their headquarters at Nauvoo, Illinois, in 1839. The roof had four octagonal skylight windows to provide light to the interior rooms, in addition to a twenty-foot arched window. The area was illuminated by six windows along the foyer's west wall. Associated Locations: Nauvoo, Illinois Associated Dates: May 1, 1846 - First Dedication June 27, 2002 - Second Dedication This articles covers the history and significance of the Nauvoo Temple. To early Church members, the sun breaking through clouds symbolized the dawning of the Restoration and the coming of gospel light to illuminate a dark earth. The top most pulpits read P.H.P., which stood for President of the High Priesthood. [9], At the east and west ends of the hall were two sets of similar pulpits. The lowest section was the belfry. Some sources claim a private dedication on April 30, 1846 by Brigham Young. The first stonecutters responsible for these imposing sculptures were Benjamin Mitchell and Charles Lambert. Therefore, Russellville, Alabama, subsidiary of Minnesota's Vetter Stone Company, was chosen by the Church to provide stone for the new temple. The Church of Satan (yeah, it’s a thing) copyrighted their version of the inverted pentagram as the official symbol of their church in 1983, almost 150 years after it appeared in Mormon architectu… [9], Similar to the Kirtland Temple, the hall was fitted with enclosed pews with two aisles running down its length. Each pulpit similarly had initials identifying the priesthood officers who occupied that stand. . It is little wonder, then, that sunstones were featured prominently on the Nauvoo Temple. When this failed, they attempted to sell the temple, asking up to $200,000, but this effort also met with no success. [9], The staircase in the northwest corner was never completed. They were carved from pine planking that was glued together. In 1937, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) reacquired the lot on which the original temple had stood. [9], A decision was made to replace the wooden font in 1845, apparently because the water caused a mildew odor, and possibly because the wood had begun to rot. Along with the Nauvoo Temple, the symbol is also used on the Salt Lake Temple and Logan Temple as well as other temples. the floor was stained wood and the walls were painted white. Nauvoo Temple window history in … By 1857, however, most of Cabet's followers had left Nauvoo and over time many of the original stones for the temple were used in the construction of other buildings throughout Hancock County. Initially the church's agents tried to lease the structure, first to the Catholic Church, and then to private individuals. Two railed stairways led to the font from the north and south sides. Some say this happened around the time of the Inquisition, while others say it could have been as late as the 19th century. The floor sloped down to the center of the room to allow water to run toward a drain beneath the font. The most perfect horn that could be found was used to model the animals' horns. Church officials say the quarry was selected because it provided stone that is a close match to the limestone originally used. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Comparison of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, List of temples of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints by geographic region, "Chronology of the Construction, Destruction, and Reconstruction of the Nauvoo Temple", https://mds.marshall.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1013&context=lib_faculty, "The Sacred Departments for Temple Work in Nauvoo: The Assembly Room and the Council Chamber", "The Nauvoo Temple, A Monument of the Saints", The Nauvoo Temple: ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org, Historic sites of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nauvoo_Temple&oldid=997335383, Buildings and structures in Hancock County, Illinois, Former Latter Day Saint religious buildings and structures, Former religious buildings and structures in Illinois, Religious buildings and structures in the United States destroyed by arson, Rebuilt buildings and structures in Illinois, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2018, Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [9], Every visitor who wrote about the temple mentioned the baptismal font. B. H. Roberts, 2d … . There is no general consensus among historians and even Wiccans and witches are not in full agreement. [9], The second mezzanine was similar to the first floor mezzanine. [9], The staircases, made of wood, provided access to all of the temple from the basement to the attic with a landing at each floor. [9], The pulpits to the east, standing between the windows, were reserved for the Melchizedek Priesthood. The West end of the temple was a flat roofed section that supported the tower. The Nauvoo Temple was in use for less than three months. It was composed of two sections. Tongues of fire are a symbol of the gift of thee Holy Ghost (Acts 2:3-4). It is often mistakenly thought that these stones represent the three degrees of glory in the Latter Day Saint conception of the afterlife, but the stones appear in the wrong order. NAUVOO TEMPLE - The beautiful inverted stained glass star windows on the Nauvoo Temple have a very meaningful history dating back to the early Christian church. Temple Symbolism I particularly love the design and architecture of the Nauvoo temple, especially the unique symbolism carved into it. They may have been part of a feature planned, but not used, in the final construction. Truman O. Angell, architect of the Salt Lake Temple said that the symbols of the Salt Lake Temple were based on the Nauvoo Temple. Like Kirtland, the Nauvoo Temple contained two assembly halls, one on the first floor and one on the second, called the lower and upper courts. There was no foyer connecting the two stairwells. [1] “The Nauvoo Temple and Rebirth” [2] Davidson, Lee, “Nauvoo Sunstone at Smithsonian,” Deseret News, November 28, 1989 In 2002, President Gordon B. Hinckley dedicated the rebuilt Nauvoo Temple. Today the Nauvoo Illinois Temple serves as a symbol of the promises of the Lord to His people and a monument to the early pioneers who sacrificed so much to build it. The room was discovered by an anti-Mormon mob who broke through the floor of the vestibule above. Parley P. Pratt’s hymn “The Morning Breaks” declares: The morning breaks, the shadows flee; Lo, Zion’s standard is unfurled! These rooms may never have been completed, except perhaps some kind of partition dividing them. A WEB page devoted to the history, construction, destruction and appearance of the Mormon Nauvoo Temple in Illinois. The vestibule itself was forty-three feet by seventeen feet in dimension. Lambert recorded in his autobiography about the day after he arrived in Nauvoo: “I went up to the Temple [and] saw there was work for me.” He went to those in charge and offered his skills. On April 2, 1849, LeBaron sold the damaged temple to Étienne Cabet for $2,000. [9], The font was held up by twelve oxen as are almost all temple fonts. This explains why the starstones are at the top of the temple ("crown of twelve stars"), the sunstones in the middle ("clothed with the sun") and the moonstones at the bottom ("moon under her feet"). Deciding when the inverted star actually came to be known as a symbol of evil can be confusing. As mob violence increased during the summer of 1845, he encouraged the Latter Day Saints to complete the temple even as they prepared to abandon the city, so portions of it could be used for Latter Day Saint ordinance, such as baptisms for the dead in the basement font. This symbol, as it appears on Mormon temples, takes two forms: one pointing up, and one down. Both had classrooms and offices in the attic. When Lambert first arrived in Nauvoo, he desired to work on the Temple. The staircase landing was made of wood and opened to a short hallway heading east, leading to the basement proper. Nauvoo's residents attempted to put out the fire, but the temple was gutted. See Wandle Mace autobiography, typescript, 8–9, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. Outside windows also provided light along the north and south sides. Eight-sided forms were felt to mediate between the symbolism of the square, representing earthly existence, and the circle (standing for heaven or eternity).” Jack Tresidder, “Symbols and Their Meanings,” 154 ], —Angels from heav’n and truth from earth Have met, and both have record borne; Thus Zion’s light is bursting forth, Thus Zion’s light is bursting forth To bring her ransomed children home.1, The walls of the temple featured 30 pilasters, each with a moonstone at the base and a sunstone at the top. These were the only access points to the rest of the building. Modern Nauvoo Temple pentagram Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary gives the definition of a pentagram as: “a five-pointed star-shaped figure made by extending the sides of a regular pentagon until they meet, used as an occult symbol by the Pythagoreans … They told him, “If you can work we can do with your work, but we have nothing to give you.” He replied, “I have not come here to work for pay. Like Kirtland, the … The basement with its font was finished, as were the first floor assembly hall and the attic. The floor was made of red brick laid in a herringbone pattern. Doors were never hung, the plastering was unfinished, and the floorboards were only rough timber, not the tongue and grove finished hardwoods of the other floors. The attic was not built of limestone but of wood. At its base the building was 128 feet (39 m) long and 88 feet (27 m) wide with a clock tower and weather vanereaching to a total height of 165 feet (50 m)—a 60% increase over the dimensions of the Kirtland Temple. When the main body of the church was forced out of Nauvoo, Illinois, in the winter of 1846, the church attempted to sell the building, finally succeeding in 1848. The Icarians used much of the temple's stone to build a new school building on the southwest corner of the temple lot. It was composed of limestone on all four of its walls. Sunstone Symbolism 30 of these sunstones adorned the Nauvoo Temple. The room, when used for an occasional meeting, was furnished with wooden benches. It had seven large windows along the north and south wide, with four windows along the east wall. Below is an illustration from the Masonic book, The Craft and Its Symbols , p.75: (click to enlarge) Masonic symbols have been pictured and discussed in a number of books. The current Nauvoo LDS Temple was rebuilt in 2002 on the site of the ruined temple built by Joseph Smith and his followers back in 1846, just before the Mormon Exodus to Salt Lake City. The Nauvoo Temple Vision which stood for President of the High priests Quorum, and the folding table had the inscription P.E.Q. Learn about the art and artifacts available at the Church History Museum. The stairs were moved to an east/west orientation making access to the font easier. Because the Saints had to abandon Nauvoo, the building was not entirely completed. The lower, face portion was carved from one piece of limestone, and the trumpets from another. standing for President of the Elders Quorum. Approximately twelve feet east of the entrance to the baptistry and ten feet from either the side of the support piers rested the blocks, roughly fourteen inches square, which projected seven inches (178 mm) above the brick floor. The sound seems to announce a rebirth of dreams long wanting to be fulfilled. During the winter of 1845–46, the temple began to be used for additional ordinances, including the Nauvoo-era endowment, sealings in marriage, and adoptions. Notice the unique incorporation of the phases of the moon within the beautiful star window of the St. Louis Missouri Temple: When these parts of the building were completed they were used for performing ordinances (basement and attic) or for worship services (first floor assembly hall). This replica, based on the Smithsonian’s original, was hand carved by a master stonemason using the same type of Illinois limestone that was used for the original temple. The second room from the south-east corner had a stairway leading to a room in the mezzanine below. It is little wonder, then, that sunstones were featured prominently on the Nauvoo Temple. Egyptian star hieroglyphics: On the Nauvoo Temple, five-pointed stars with a ray pointing down are between the sunstones and … After a succession crisis, Brigham Young was sustained as the church's leader by the majority of Latter Day Saints in Nauvoo. On March 11, 1848, the LDS Church's agents sold the building to David T. LeBaron, for $5,000. On April 6, 1841, the temple's cornerstone was laid under the direction of Joseph Smith, the church founder and president; Sidney Rigdon gave the principal oration. To early Church members, the sun breaking through clouds symbolized the dawning of the Restoration and the coming of gospel light to illuminate a dark earth. [. [2][3] The church's first temple was completed in Kirtland, Ohio, United States, in 1836. [9], During an archaeological investigation of the temple site, two highly polished limestone blocks were discovered. Soon afterwards, all evidence of the temple disappeared, except for a hand pump over a well that supplied water to the baptismal font. The Sun has been used as a temple symbol from the second Latter-day Saint temple, the Nauvoo Temple. Because there were pulpits on both ends of the room, the pews had movable backs which could be swung to face either direction, depending on who was presiding - the Melchizedek Priesthood or the Aaronic Priesthood.[9]. There were actually two fonts built during the lifetime of the temple, a temporary wooden one, and a permanent limestone one. The rooms were dressing rooms for those using the font. The first, owned by the state of Illinois, is displayed on the grounds of the Nauvoo Visitors’ Center. Their eventual intended use is not clear. I quarried and worked the last stone called the capstone.”6, The first sunstone was installed on September 23, 1844.7 The original sunstones were actually two pieces of stone. [4] In this regard, Mace references John's statement in Revelation 12:1 concerning the "woman clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars." Even though the exterior symbols on the pilasters of the Nauvoo Temple are the sun, moon, and stars it should be understood that they are not arranged in the sequence that is associated with the three degrees of glory (i.e., star on bottom = telestial kingdom; moon in the middle = terrestrial kingdom; sun on top = celestial kingdom). Between the two hallways was an unfinished room sealed off from the rest of the temple, containing an old well that had been dug but never used. [9], Rising from the plateau of the attic is an octagonal tower. They were not true circles but were flatted on four sides. An arched ceiling spanned some fifty feet in breadth, in the center. This illustrated lecture takes as its subject a superficially documented and misunderstood feature of Mormon iconography, the pentagram. 6:00 p.m. Six long chimes ring from a bell located within the Nauvoo Temple tower to signal the first of many dedicatory services for the newly rebuilt Nauvoo Temple. It was sixteen feet long, twelve feet wide and four feet deep. It covers the miracles, sacrifice and visions connected with this satanic symbol on the nauvoo temple? This symbol has a lot of meaning, and that meaning varies depending on how it is used on a particular temple. After Joseph Smith’s death, Brigham Young and other members of the Twelve performed temple sealings in Nauvoo and later in Salt Lake City. [9], The second floor hall was similar in construction to the Great Hall, except that it included the foyer area where the vestibule would be. Sometimes the symbol may have multiple meanings on a given temple adding a rich depth of symbolism. The archways were approximately nine feet wide and twenty-one feet high. One of the original sunstones from the Nauvoo Temple. Your purchase is secured by Epik. Below is an illustration from the Masonic book, The Craft and Its Symbols, p.75: Masonic symbols have been pictured and discussed in a number of books. Where the oxen met the basin, the stone was carved to suggest drapery. [8] Cabet ordered the demolition of two more walls in the interests of public safety, leaving only the façade standing. With few exceptions, the exterior of the temple followed the original design, including the 30 sunstones. Had the floor been limestone, it seems unlikely that they would have dug it up. Like Kirtland, the temple contained two assembly halls, one on the first floor and one on the second, called the lower and upper courts. With the exception of the two rooms at the western end of the basement, reportedly used for clerical purposes, each side room rose two steps in height from the basement floor. It is little wonder, then, that sunstones were featured prominently on the Nauvoo Temple. The order of the stones recalled the woman described in Revelation 12, “clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars” (Revelation 12:1).2 When the original temple was under construction, the New York Spectator published the following review of the temple sunstones in an article about Nauvoo: “On the top, not far from fifty feet high, is an ideal representation of the rising sun, which is a monstrous prominent stone face, the features of which are colossal and singularly expressive. Discover (and save!) Instead, Wandle Mace, foreman for the framework of the Nauvoo Temple, has explained that the design of the temple was meant to be "a representation of the Church, the Bride, the Lamb's wife". To early Church members, the sun breaking through clouds symbolized the dawning of the Restoration and the coming of gospel light to illuminate a dark earth. The font's cap and base were carved molding in an "antique style" and the sides were finished with panel work. Less than five months after the temple's dedication, its builders had departed Nauvoo, leaving their beloved building behind as a symbol of their faith and sacrifice. Nauvoo Temple Stone Symbols There are many symbols carved in stone on the exterior walls of the Nauvoo Temple. The sides of the rooms were stone and abutted the massive stone piers that supported the floors above. [9], The basement proper was one hundred feet long and forty feet wide with six rooms of varying sizes on either side. One rose from Northwest corner and the other at the Southwest corner of the temple. These included specific ritual terms, language, handclasps, and gestures as well as larger patterns such as those involving repetition and the use of questions and answers as an aid to teaching. William Weeks' elevation of the front facade does not show windows at the basement level of the two stairwells, and photographic evidence is inconclusive. This made the room about seventeen feet longer. The dawning of a brighter day, The dawning of a brighter day Majestic rises on the world. The room was flanked on either side by seven large, arched windows, with four similar windows along the east wall. In September 1846 the remaining Latter Day Saints were driven from the city and vigilantes from the neighboring region, including Carthage, Illinois, entered the near-empty city and vandalized the temple. [7] The Icarian leader Cabet was fascinated by the temple and planned to reconstruct it, and a considerable amount[clarification needed] of money was spent in the endeavor. The rest of the attic was a pitched-roof section running the length of the temple. Unlike Kirtland, it had a full basement which housed a baptismal font. Artisans from Pennsylvania, Indiana, and Ontario labored to replicate these iconic symbols of the restored gospel.9. In 2000, the church began to build a temple on the original site with an exterior that is a replica of the first temple, but whose interior is laid out like a modern Latter-day Saint temple. [9], Above the Eastern pulpits, written in gilded letters, along the arch of the ceiling, were the words,"The Lord Has Seen Our Sacrifice - Come After Us. When the attic was used for ordinance work, they were used as a pantry, wardrobe and storage rooms. The southwest staircase was completely finished for use. On the Nauvoo Temple Known as the Morning Star in Rev 22:16 it is a symbol of Jesus Christ. When we speak of building the kingdom of God today, most of the time we mean it in a figurative sense: we serve in the Church, share the gospel with others, and follow the counsel of the living prophet. ASTRONOMIC SYMBOLS: EARTH, MOON, SUN AND STARS The Nauvoo Temple had thirty pilasters. Brown, Symbols in Stone, 100–102, 156) The symbol of Judaism is the Star of David, a six-pointed star made by overlapping two triangles. [9], Second temple constructed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, For the newer structure rebuilt on the same site, see. The tower was divided into three sections, each accessible by a series of stairways leading from the attic to an observation deck at the top. [9], The flat-room section was further divided into two sections, the foyer on the west side, and a suite of rooms to the east. In February 1865, Nauvoo's City Council ordered the final demolition of the last standing portion of the temple—one lone corner of the façade. It is currently on display in a prominent position in the Museum of American History and Technology. [9], The first font was built out of tongue and grooved white pine and painted white. There was a staircase in the second room from the Southeast corner leading to a room above, providing another access method to the attic. This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 01:26. The highest three pulpits bore the initials P.A.P., which stood for President of the Aaronic Priesthood. They may have held some type of support columns, dividing the font from the entrance to the basement, or they may simply have been a decorative element beneath a vase or something similar. Twelve feet wide and four feet deep Rev 22:16 it is a Satanic symbol Étienne Cabet for 5,000... 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Melchizedek Priesthood leaders commissioned this painting from artist Lewis A. Ramsey in 1923 the... Built During the lifetime of the temple mentioned the baptismal font Saint movement was built 60 larger... Side and two at each end staircases at the top most pulpits read P.H.P., which for! Final construction was baptized in England, he decided to go to.!, for $ 2,000, at the southwest corner of the Nauvoo sunstone, with its font built! The Church 's agents of setting fire to the vestibule below symbolism of the nauvoo temple connected the two staircases in center... Short hallway heading east, standing between the windows, with four similar windows along north... To west and seventeen feet in diameter from north to south painted white the Morning star Rev... The five-pointed star is a simple design that has shown up in the region walls! 8 ] Cabet ordered the demolition of two more steps entered three archways inscription P.E.Q discuss interpretation!