E. Bartman, Portraits of Livia. One can hardly discuss the significance of the Ara Pacis without talking about the man behind the “ara pacis augustae”, the Roman Emperor Augustus. Galinsky, Karl. 152–7. The “Aeneas” panel, a much-discussed element of the Ara Pacis, is usually interpreted as the Trojan hero's sacrifice of a brood sow on his landing in Latium, a story recounted in Virgil, Varro, and Dionysios of Halikarnassos. diss. En član tega kolegija manjka v vrzeli. The Ara Pacis is an exciting example of Roman sculpture in the early times. The altar complex consisted of an interior altar surrounded by a stone precinct wall. The "new" Ara Pacis Museum in Rome opened in the spring of 2006. Allen Mandelbaum. Your email address will not be published. Žrtvena procesija prikazuje živali, ki so jih žrtvovali s figurami izklesanimi v republikanskem slogu, podobnem tako imenovanemu Oltarju Domicija Ahenobarba, v ostrem nasprotju s slogom na zunanji strani zidov. The marble structure, which once stood on the Campus Martius, is a masterpiece of Roman sculpture and, in particular, of portraiture. Webmaster: Matt Long. Jumping to such a conclusion, however, is unfair to Augustus and the study of his symbology. Besedilo se sme prosto uporabljati v skladu z dovoljenjem. This and the few other similar coins indicate that the provisional 1938 entablature on the present monument is too neo-classical and would have been more ornate, with flaring projections ( acroteri ) at the corners. Storia di una anastilosi difficile, in “La Rivista di Engramma” n. 75 ottobre/novembre 2009, Official web site of the Ara Pacis Museum of Rome, English version, Comprehensive, high quality photo documentation of the Ara Pacis Augustae, Several pages with photos of the sculpture, "Roman Power and Roman Imperial Sculpture", Ara Pacis Bibliography annotated with links, https://sl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ara_Pacis_Augustae&oldid=5401285, Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji VIAF, Wikipedijini članki z identifikatorji GND, Creative Commons from his provincial tour of Spain and Gaul. Kot je zapisal Charles Brian Rose, »lahko spremenljiva vrednost vzhodne noše in neugodna interakcija trojanske in partske ikonografije otežita ugotavljanje ali gledamo na ustanovitelje Rimljanov ali njihove najmočnejše nasprotnike«. Virgil. structed between 13 and 9 B.C.E. Mnogi znanstveniki so identificirali zastrto, vodilno osebo kot Julijo, Avgustovo hčerko, a ker se Julija pojavlja na južnem frizu, je bolj verjetno, da je ta figura Oktavija mlajša [16]. Kljub temu je večina znanstvenikov leta 2000 raje videla to podobo kot Livijo. [17]. Spodnji register njegovega friza prikazuje rastlinsko okrasje, namenjeno sporočanju številčnosti in blaginje rimskega miru (lat. Vzhodni in zahodni zid imata po dve plošči, eno dobro ohranjeno in eno v fragmentih. Ara Pacis Augustae ali Avgustov oltar miru, običajno skrajšano Ara Pacis je oltar v Rimu, posvečen Paks, rimski boginji miru. Leta 1859 so bili na istem območju pod Teatro Olimpio, del palače Peretti v Lusini, v bližini stavbe italijanskega parlamenta, najdeni še kiparski fragmenti, za katere je bilo priznano, da pripadajo istemu spomeniku. Explains how students in a Roman history class can learn about the culture during the age of emperor Augustus by studying the altar. To razlago, čeprav je splošno sprejeta, ni mogoče dokazati kot pravilno, saj je ohranjeno zelo malo izvirnega panela. Roma sits atop a heap of weapons, presumably captured spoils of defeated enemies, stating quite clearly that all that is good in Rome (that which she represents) literally rests upon victory in war and the conquest of others. The Ara Pacis Augustae is an altar in Rome dedicated to Pax, the Roman goddess of Peace. Danes je Avgust bolje prepoznan po laseh kot obrazu. v čast vrnitvi Avgusta v Rim po treh letih v Hispaniji in Galiji [1][2], in posvečen 30. januarja leta 9 pr. The fundamental publication of the excavation is Moretti, G., Ara Pacis Augustae (1948). 2003). Practice: Augustus of Primaporta . Augustus of Primaporta. As a monument that is the product of a carefully constructed ideological program, it is highly charged with socio-cultural energy that speaks to us about the ordering of the Roman world and its society—the very Roman universe. Naslednji niz figur je sestavljen iz duhovnikov iz kolegija septemvirijskih epulonov, ki so označeni s kadilnimi škatlicami, ki jih nosijo s posebnimi simboli. Ara Pacis (лат. See also Kleiner and Buxton, "Pledges of Empire: Obljube imperija: Ara Pacis in donacije Rima", AJA (2008), 57–89. Originally located on the northern outskirts of Rome, … We must limit ourselves, therefore, in examining this Virgilian Augustus to observing it as another occurrence of an Augustus-symbol in the greater context of the system of symbols in the Augustan cult of Rome. The Ara Pacis Augustae is a monumental altar. The Ara Pacis is, just at a cursory glance, riddled with iconic imagery. n. št. n. št. Ara Pacis (лат. I argue the altar, although constructed as a war monument, shapes public memory to persuade the people of Rome to accept the dynastic succession of Augustus's heir. Both the altar proper and its enclosing structure were heavily ornamented with relief carving. The Tellus Panel. The entirety was raised on a marble base with steps leading into the precinct space. FF 290. je prave velikosti in zato boljša izbira. The altar of pease is the monument that commemorates the victories of Augustus and symbolizes the establishment of peace in the Roman Empire (the “Pax”, a particularly vital concept during the reign of Augustus) after about one hundred years of wars.. History. Explains how students in a Roman history class can learn about the culture during the age of emperor Augustus by studying the altar. "The Ara Pacis". Drobci, čeprav niso bili popolni, so bili zbrani in združeni za ponovno izgradnjo Ara Pacis; zaradi kratkega časa, ki je bil na voljo (delo je bilo treba zaključiti pred 23. septembrom 1938, zadnjim dnem obletnice), je bilo na voljo še nekaj fragmentov in slabi zgodovinski viri, ki bi jih lahko uporabili za obnovo (v bistvu nekaj starih rimskih kovancev), Izvedeno je bilo s pomočjo italijanskega umetnika Odoarda Ferrettija, Peter J. Holliday, "Time, History, and Ritual on the Ara Pacis Augustae", High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of. Ara Pacis Augustae ali Avgustov oltar miru, običajno skrajšano Ara Pacis je oltar v Rimu, posvečen Paks, rimski boginji miru.Spomenik je rimski senat naročil 4. julija 13 pr. Ara Pacis Augustae is important for it is a symbol of the Roman peace, Pax Romana, and civil religion and rituals. The altar complex consisted of an interior altar surrounded by a stone precinct wall. No surprise, then, that we find the same in Rome. Spomenik je sestavljen iz tradicionalnega odprtega oltarja, ki ga obdajajo zidovi, ki so na vzhodnem in zahodnem koncu (tako imenovani danes zaradi sodobne razporeditve) prebodeni z odprtinami in v celoti izdelani v carrarskega marmorja iz Lunija v provinci La Spezia. who is the figure in the centre of the relief? Fast and free shipping free returns cash on delivery available on eligible purchase. Gaius Stern, "Ženske otroci in senatorji na Ara Pacis Augustae" Berk. Za njimi sledi petnajst članski kolegij quindecimviri sacris faciundis, ki ga tudi označuje kadilo, ki ga je med njimi nosi javni suženj. 2 Healthy Babies. Vhodne odprtine so spremljale plošče, ki prikazujejo alegorične ali mitološke prizore, ki spominjajo na mir, pobožnost in tradicijo. Diagonally across from Pax/Venus, on the northwest frieze (facing the Campus Martius) is Mars himself, reminding us that war is prerequisite for victorious peace. Form and meaning: scrollwork on the Ara Pacis, grotesques in furniture design - Gilles Sauron, L'HISTOIRE VÉGÉTALISÉE: ORNEMENT ET POLITIQUE À ROME (Éditions A. et J. Picard, Paris 2000). 205-216. ", Journal of Roman Archaeology, january 2000, p. 311-318. N. Hannestad, "Late-antique reworking of the Ara Pacis ? Zahodni zid tudi vsebuje dve plošči. diss. Though certainly anathema to our recent obsession with accurate record-keeping, we ought to consider whether this mythologized, symbol-based historicity is really inimical to us, and what the benefits to the strength and cohesion of our people may be, individually, as families, and as a nation. What is on Tellus' lap? 3), What Livy here (and throughout his work) reveals is the dependence of history on myth, or even further, the equation of the two in our minds. In so doing, Augustus became a fixture of what, according to anthropologist Clifford Geertz, can be defined as a cultural system qualifying as religious. New York: Harper & Row, 1965. Druga plošča je bolj sporna v temi, vendar je bolje ohranjena. Čeprav je bil pravilno identificiran leta 1903, sta Petersen, Strong in Stuart-Jones sprva videla lik kot rex sacrorum. What are the Babies holding? Rethinking the Meaning of the Ara Pacis Augustae", The Art Bulletin, june 2001, p. 190-208. 2006, chapter 7. Indeed, other prominent symbol-sets of the period pertaining to Augustus himself can be interpreted either way. Ara Pacis brez zavestnega truda predstavlja utelešene ideološke povezave med kozmično suverenostjo, vojaško silo in plodnostjo, ki jih je prvi opisal Georges Dumézil [9][10], povezave, ki so potrjene v zgodnji rimski kulturi in širše v podstrukturi indoevropske kulture na splošno. The “Aeneas” panel, a much-discussed element of the Ara Pacis, is usually interpreted as the Trojan hero's sacrifice of a brood sow on his landing in Latium, a story recounted in Virgil, Varro, and Dionysios of Halikarnassos. Slovesnost je potekala poleti leta 13 pred našim štetjem, vendar ne nujno 4. julija, ko je senat glasoval za gradnjo Ara Pacisa. The authorities in charge with the cult sacrifices within the Ara Pacis Augustae were the Roman pagan priests, the Senate of Rome, and the Vestal Virgins. The presence nearby of Augustus’ one-time heir Marcus Agrippa, dead by the time of the Ara Pacis’ completion, lends itself to this atmosphere: the fact of Agrippa’s death is insignificant to his function as a symbol in this Augustan program. Paul Rehak je kasneje objavil članek s tem predlogom, ki je bil potrjen v poglavju njegove posmrtne knjige. Pronunciation of Ara Pacis Augustae with 1 audio pronunciations -2 rating rating ratings Record the pronunciation of this word in your own voice and play it to listen to how you have pronounced it. A comprehensive bibliography (to 1986) of what has now become a huge literature is provided by Koeppel, G., ‘ Die historischen Reliefs der römischen Kaiserzeit v: Ara Pacis Augustae, Teil I ’, Banner Jahrbucher 187 (1987), 101 –57, esp. Describes the "Ara Pacis Augustae" that is a monumental altar commemorating the emperor Augustus' safe return in 13 B.C. Nekateri znanstveniki so domnevali, da je bil ta fant tudi udeleženec Trojanskih iger, čeprav je gotovo premlad (šest ali sedem let je bila najnižja starost). Your email address will not be published. Wikimedijina zbirka ponuja več predstavnostnega gradiva o temi: Leta 1568 so pod Palazzo Peretti v Lucini (Palazzo Fano-Almagia) odkrili prve fragmentarne skulpture, tik ob baziliki San Lorenzo v Lucini, v bližini "Via del Corso", ki so našli pot do Ville Medici, Vatikan, Uffizi in Louvre. Mladina, ki je nosila helenistična grška oblačila in je bila primerna za helenističnega princa, je bila označena kot Gaj v obliki camillus [18], mladoletnega spremljevalca Flamen Dialisa [19]. (CMK) Med procesijo so vključene tudi ženske in otroci; upodobitev otrok v rimskem kiparstvu bi bila nova v času gradnje oltarja, in bi vzbujala teme moralne in družinske pobožnosti, pa tudi oslabila zaskrbljenost nad dinastičnimi nameni ob hkratnem uvajanju potencialnih dedičev v oči javnosti. Essay by Dr. Jeffrey Becker. The Ara Pacis was built on a low lying part of the Campus Martius down by the river, and it soon suffered from flooding, so eventually it was overthrown and smashed into numerous small pieces which were buried under deep layers of silt. It is this symbol set that we are really examining here, and the religious reality it supports. They sanctify the passage from peace to war, making Roman conquest divinely legitimate, and they purify the conquering returners’ passage from war to victorious peace, the pax Augusta. Graced with these symbols of great virtue – piety, chastity, reverence, and so on – and holiness, the heart of the Ara Pacis virtually bears words of divine endorsement. n. št. Iz fotografij se zdi, da vrzel vpliva na eno samo sliko, vendar so Koeppel, Conlin in Stern dokazali, da pregled na kraju samem kaže, da je eden v ospredju, drugi pa v ozadju [15]. Marmorni fragmenti drevesa in glave in rame Marsa (če je to Mars) in del drugega posameznika (ki naj bi bil Faustul) so ohranjeni, vendar je dodajanje volkulje, Romula in Rema povsem špekulativno. Druge osebe v spremstvu so lahko Marcella (Oktavijina hči), Iullus Antonius (sin Marka Antonija) in dva fanta in deklica cesarske družine. Livy. The east and west sides of the Ara Pacis Augustae in Rome, Italy each bears two main reliefs, although the reliefs themselves have survived to differing degrees. Ara Pacis Augustae ali Avgustov oltar miru, običajno skrajšano Ara Pacis je oltar v Rimu, posvečen Paks, rimski boginji miru.Spomenik je rimski senat naročil 4. julija 13 pr. The complex of the Ara Pacis Augustae, an altar dedicated in 9 BCE, stood in the Campus Martius.The building was erected by the Senate to celebrate Augustus’s return from Spain and Gaul in 13 BCE. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1996. The Ara Pacis Augustae, the Augustan Altar of Peace, remains to this day as a coded message of Roman values. Further, since the building lies on the edge of the Campus Martius, demarcating the physical spaces of war and peace, and serving as gateway between the two, the Vestals’ are ensconced here almost as gatekeepers. Dve zelo poškodovani figuri na sredini sta razcepljeni. Dejansko se Livia pojavlja nekje (njena izključitev je malo verjetna), toda do 13. pr. Če bi bil ta malček Lucij, bi bil premlad in v napačnem kostumu za igre. Caesar, Augustus. These two long processional friezes, comprising the “real” historical figures of the time, become mythologized in the context of the Ara Pacis. T.J. Luce. What side of the Ara Pacis is the Tellus relief on? Building on his adoptive father’s status, Augustus succeeded where Caesar had failed in founding a stable (or at least maintainable) autarchy with himself effectively deified. Rethinking the Meaning of the Ara Pacis Augustae Paul Rehak For the modern world, the Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace) has come to symbolize the artistic, political, and social achievements of the early Roman Empire, just as the Parthenon at Athens has for Classical ~reece.' Trans. The Ara Pacis, a more than 2,000 year old "Altar of Peace" that was used (paradoxically) for sacrifices, is a commanding work of Roman art and architecture that had been lost to civilization for centuries. Te figure spadajo v štiri kategorije: liktorji (moški, ki nosijo fascije, telesni stražarji magistrov); duhovniki (tri od štirih glavnih collegia – Pontifices, Septemviri in Quindecimviri): ženske in otroci (običajno iz cesarske družine, kot portreti); (nekaj anonimnih figur, potrebnih za verske namene). This was the first scholarly publication on the Ara Pacis following the 1948 landmark, 2-volume publication by Moretti, which had made available for the first time the extensive documentation resulting from the 1937 excavations and reconstruction of the Ara Pacis. Augustus is portrayed here halfway between history and myth; though a historical figure, his association with Aeneas and his alignment within this great symbological statement make him symbolic in this context. 56 (6). On the southeast frieze, the Tellus character, an earth goddess also expressing simultaneous embodiments of the Goddess Pax and Venus Victrix, begins to imply the nature of Augustan peace (that is, peace from victory). The Ara Pacis is, just at a cursory glance, riddled with iconic imagery. The Ara Pacis Augustae is an outstanding complex of symbols in this system which constitutes a religious reality based on the mythologizing of history. Augustus himself is probably the most significant symbol of all. John Pollini, The Portraiture of Gaius and Lucius Caesar, (1987), 24–26. The altar of pease is the monument that commemorates the victories of Augustus and symbolizes the establishment of peace in the Roman Empire (the “Pax”, a particularly vital concept during the reign of Augustus) after about one hundred years of wars.. History. 8 − three =. Describes the "Ara Pacis Augustae" that is a monumental altar commemorating the emperor Augustus' safe return in 13 B.C. There are two gates, the first located on the eastern wall and the other on the western one. Ara Pacis Augustae), олтар посвећен римској богињи Мира (Pax), подигао је Сенат 13. п. н. е.- 9 године п. н. е. , у част повратка Октавијана Августа из Галије и Хиспаније. Eastern side. What, then, does the symbol-Augustus say, what is the meaning of him rendered as a word? Notranjost sten je okrašena z bucranija, volovske lobanje, iz katerih visijo izklesane girlande. Zahodni in vzhodni zid sta prebodena z vhodom v oltarni prostor, čeprav bi se do notranjosti prišlo le po stopnišču na zahodni strani. [14]. This cult language of signs, as it were, which is outstandingly visually represented in the Ara Pacis, is not exclusively Augustan per se. n. He even acknowledges as much, when in his preface he writes: Events before the city was founded or planned, which have been handed down more as pleasing poetic fictions than as reliable records of historical events, I intend neither to affirm nor to refute. A comprehensive bibliography (to 1986) of what has now become a huge literature is provided by Koeppel, G., ‘ Die historischen Reliefs der römischen Kaiserzeit v: Ara Pacis Augustae, Teil I ’, Banner Jahrbucher 187 (1987), 101 –57, esp. Attempts to limit it to one particular type, such as Pax, are not tenable The Ara Pacis was built on a low lying part of the Campus Martius down by the river, and it soon suffered from flooding, so eventually it was overthrown and smashed into numerous small pieces which were buried under deep layers of silt. The priests with whom Augustus and Agrippa mingle are supporting symbols, like an affirming commentary written alongside a primary holy text. Buy The Ara Pacis Augustae and the Imagery of Abundance in Later Greek and Early Roman Imperial Art by Castriota, David online on Amazon.ae at best prices. Ara Pacis, also called Ara Pacis Augustae (Latin: “Altar of the Augustan Peace”), shrine consisting of a marble altar in a walled enclosure erected in Rome’s Campus Martius (Field of Mars) in honour of the emperor Augustus and dedicated on Jan. 30, 9 bce. n. št. The Ara Pacis Augustae or Altar of the Augustan Peace, built to celebrate the return of Augustus to Rome in 13 BC following campaigns in Spain and Gaul, Museo dell'Ara Pacis, Rome: Author: Carole Raddato from FRANKFURT, Germany Bukranija pa spet spominja na žrtveno pobožnost, primerne motive za notranjost oltarja [5]. Skulptura Ara Pacisa je bolj simbolična kot dekorativna, njena ikonografija pa ima več stopenj pomena [8]. The Tellus Panel. Trans. Attempts to limit it to one particular type, such as Pax, are not tenable This is the currently selected item. Ara Pacis. In Virgil’s epic poem, the Aeneid we find another, even more symbologized Augustus, this time as a yet unborn soul pointed out to the hero Aeneas by the shade of his father Anchises. Scholars of rhetoric have veered away from non-traditional rhetorical artifacts in the classical period. je Julija politično zasenčila Livijo, kot so razumeli in razložili mnogi znanstveniki. Portrayed in the act of sacrifice to the Gods, the sense of his piety and righteousness is heightened. Ta nova struktura je precej večja od prejšnje in je poleg glavnega, ki vsebuje oltar, razdeljena na več prostorov in odsekov. Leta 1926 je Loewy primerjal Agripo iz Louvra z Agripo v Københavnu (in drugje) in z Ara Pacisom, da bi dokazal ikonografsko podobnost [21]. 250, 109 figs., 12 pls. Gemma Augustea. apples. Julia je tudi bolje poosebila Avgustov nov pro-natalistični program, saj je že rodila štiri preživele otroke. Ta teorija je kljub precejšnjemu začetnemu uporu pridobila veliko učenjakov. New York: Bantam Books, 1981. Njihova identifikacija z ne-rimskimi nošami in njihova udeležba na slovesnosti pripoveduje, da je Rim središče sveta in da drugi narodi pošiljajo svoje mlade v Rim, da bi se naučili rimske poti, tako dober je ugled Rima. - Volume 15 - Robert Cohon diss. Spomenik je rimski senat naročil 4. julija 13 pr. Oltar odraža Avgustovo vizijo starorimske religije. Ara Pacis (“the Altar of Peace”) in honour of Augustus’ return from the provinces of Gaul and Spain). Med letoma 1918 in 1921 je predsednik Piedmontskega društva za arheologijo in likovne umetnosti Oreste Mattirolo prvič predlagal, da se zberejo vsi fragmenti in združijo za obnovo oltarja. 152–7. In the first section, the author carefully recounts the evidence for colored pigments on the monument, the color of each and its location. The Ara Pacis Augustae is an outstanding complex of symbols in this system which constitutes a religious reality based on the mythologizing of history. Tu je prisotnih še enaindvajset članov. In this article I examine the Ara Pacis Augustae, Altar of Augustan Peace, as one such overlooked rhetorical artifact. Girlande nosijo sadove različnih vrst rastlin, vse na enem samem vencu kot alegorične predstavitve izobilja. Na vzhodnem zidu so bile plošče s sedečima figurama Rome (personifikacija Rima) in Paks, na zahodni strani pa so odkrili dvojčka in volkuiljo in žrtvovanje figure, ki je bila tradicionalno označena kot Enej, vendar se je vedno bolj verjelo, da je to drugi kralj Rima, Numa Pompilij. The famed Roman historian Livy uses the symbols of myth to bolster his account of the rise of Rome as much as Augustus does to embellish his image. Form and meaning: scrollwork on the Ara Pacis, grotesques in furniture design - Gilles Sauron, L'HISTOIRE VÉGÉTALISÉE: ORNEMENT ET POLITIQUE À ROME (Éditions A. et J. Picard, Paris 2000). More than this political achievement, though, Augustus integrated himself into what might be called the cult of Rome, becoming a God in its pantheon of pre-existing deities and godlike heroes. Moreover, it does so in divine terms, as it were, by giving at once the symbols for victory and peace, like a compound word, and in so doing presents the two not only as inseparable, but as the same thing. N. Hannestad, "Late-antique reworking of the Ara Pacis ? Moretti, ko je izdeloval muzejska stekla za Ara Pacis po Mussolinijevem ukazu, je ugibal, da sta dva konzula (Tiberij in Var) iz trinajste plošče Avgust, zato je to sliko videl kot M. Valerij Mesala. Rethinking the Meaning of the Ara Pacis Augustae", The Art Bulletin, june 2001, p. 190-208. Since the text is just a list of Augustus’ numerous accomplishments, honors, and charitable deeds, and such heavy emphasis is put on pointing out his refusal of dictatorships and other honors, it is easy to quickly dismiss it as purely self-aggrandizing. However, such an argument is comparable to saying that the books of the New Testament serve only to aggrandize Jesus or his disciples, inasmuch as both are legendary works purporting a modicum of historicity. Dobro ohranjeno in eno v fragmentih notranjost sten je okrašena z bucranija, volovske lobanje, iz katerih izklesane... Studying the altar proper and its enclosing structure were heavily ornamented with carving! Journal of Roman values približno pol ducata figur je razpoznanih po ogledu drugih ohranjenih kipov članov cesarske družine južnega. The meaning of him rendered as a Cultural System. ” Reader in Comparative.... Krone, tradicionalne rimske simbole zmage political, and social achievements of the Roman,. Describes the `` Ara Pacis Augustae is an outstanding complex of symbols in this I. Saj je že rodila štiri preživele otroke vrnitvi Avgusta v Rim po treh v... 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Day as a word ali Lepid na Ara Pacisu Augustus by studying the altar,..., what is the Ara Pacis Augustae prikazujejo tako sedečo Romo toda, kot je bilo zamrznjenih, ko. June 2001, p. 80, fig danes je Avgust bolje prepoznan po kot. Reworking of the monument and the other on the western one, Ara Augustae... Lokaciji, zdaj muzeju Ara Pacis Augustae is an outstanding complex of in! Conclusion warned against above 6 FORMAZIONE DELLA CITTA ' INDUSTRIALE XIX secolo '', the Augustan altar of Peace... Of 2006 pa spet spominja na žrtveno pobožnost, primerne motive za oltarja. Sten je okrašena z bucranija, volovske lobanje, iz katerih visijo izklesane girlande pious. 8 − three = so v teku, čeprav krožijo tudi drugi pogledi razložili... Bila veliko število pritožb domačinov, kar pomeni njihovo vlogo duhovnikov in žrtvovalec image the!, does the symbol-Augustus say, what is the Ara Pacis je oltar v Rimu pa spominja. 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