Studies Study Material, Monthly Current Toppers 25, Er. Loss of soil fertility results in low productivity. Hindi Geography. Prelims Answer key, APPSC Promotion of wide use of insecticides and pesticides to restrict the loss of forest area from degradation caused by pests and insects. The major problem arises due to the anthropogenic factors which has increased the rate of soil degradation much more than the capacity of nature to restore the damage. and Tele Communication, Computer Key, UPSC CAPF Without healthy soils we wouldn’t be able to grow our food. LAND RESOURCES INTRODUCTION Different types of lands are suited to different uses. As we have already seen about land degradation due to agrochemical. Eligibility, UPSC Admit In fact, it is estimated that 95 percent of our food is directly or indirectly produced on our soils. Topics covered: Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils; Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation; Factors influencing world distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation and conservation measures; Social forestry; agro-forestry; Wild life; Major gene pool centres. About US. Environmental degradation and the rising pressure on resources raise the question whether the “outer limits” of the planet’s physical integrity may not be at risk. When the rills deepen, they get enlarged into gullies. XII NEET Optional by Majid Husain, Law Optional & Test Series by Aditya Tiwari, Integrated Pre Cum Mains Promotion of wide use of insecticides and pesticides to restrict the loss of forest area from degradation caused by pests and insects. Conservation of Environment – Notes for UPSC Preparation. Repeated crop cultivation depletes nutrients in the soil. According to Dr. Harold van Es, Professor of Soil and Water Management at Cornell University, “The loss of soil health and productivity happened over a long period of time, and it also will take a long time to reverse. Monoculture: Monoculture refers to the practice of planting of the same variety of crops in the field. The less fertile subsoil is left. soil becoming unfit for cultivation. Close to one-eighth of Indian landmass is degraded due to severe erosion. In the absence of adequate vegetative cover, the land becomes highly susceptible to both wind and water erosion. Writing Practice for UPSC Mains, IAS Toppers Optional by Venkata Mohan, Venkata Mohan - The National Forest Policy of 1988 includes: A) 1, 2, 3 and 4 done clear. UPSC … NEXT NEWS By Moushumi Sharma Published: Saturday 01 November 2014 . However, there is an adverse effect due to this practice as weed and insect populations can increase since they are not continuously being removed and so can compete or destroy crops. About 29% or about 96.4 million hectares are considered degraded. Tutorial, Law Bridge Academy Even though our country is blessed with wide varieties of soils with high fertility, it is being degraded day by day by various natural and human activities. – Civil Engineering Course by Engineers Career Group, GATE Bare soil is more vulnerable to erosion both by wind and water. Pattern, IES Officer But we ignore it at our peril. The fine particles of the topsoil which contain the bulk of nutrients and organic matter needed by the plants are lost from soil erosion. Soil erosion in nature maybe. Soil pollution mainly is a result of penetration of damaging pesticides and insecticides, which deteriorate the soil quality, thus making it contaminated and unfit for use later. The day highlights how soil is fundamental natural resource and is the basis for all terrestrial life. Optional by Alok Ranjan, GATE The excessive addition of NPK to the soil however causes the plants to absorb more micronutrients from the soil. - Exam Pattern and Syllabus, TNPSC - Notes link: MUDIT JAIN GEOGRAPHY BIOGEOGRAPHY NOTES P.S. Engineers Career Group, Qaisar Hafiz - Interview, IAS Toppers In this method, the field is planted with several varieties of the same crop. The major process of land degradation is soil erosion (due to water and wind erosion), which contributes to over 71% of the land degradation in the country. Administration Optional by Pavan Kumar, Philosophy Excess degradation which leads to mouisture lose in excess of precipiation capacoty causes desertification. ... Land degradation … Optional & Test Series by MitraPal, Geography The detachment and transportation of soil particles by flowing rainwater is called sheet or wash off erosion. Raindrops behave like tiny bombs when falling on exposed soil, displace soil particles and destroy soil structure. Land degradation is driven by both by changes in climate or human activities. Working together, these three elements create goods and services that provide a foundation for sustainable livelihoods and peaceful co-existence between peoples . INTRODUCTION. This topic is important for UPSC prelims and Mains examination. Prevents soil degradation; Reduction of chemical application in crop production; Efficient use of water resources; Dissemination of modern farm practices to improve quality, quantity and reduced cost of production; Developing favourable attitudes ; Precision farming changing the socio-economic status of farmers; Precision farming in India. Affairs Analysis, IAS Study Soil Organic Carbon : Preventing Land Degradation and Desertification - Current Affair Article for UPSC, IAS, Civil Services and State PCS Examinations Why in News? Toppers Preparation Strategy, IAS Study Syllabus, SSC CGL Answer The Amazon rainforest, the largest in the world, is losing its ability to regulate climate due to degradation from logging, forest fires and land clearance, warns a new study. The movement of cattle over and over the pastures pulverizes the soil into finer particles due to the pressure applied by their hoofs. Interview, Free IAS – Electronics Engineering Course by Engineers Career Group, GATE A sudden mass movement of soil is called a landslide. Desertification is a process of degradation of the land. Global Efforts to Prevent Desertification The Bonn Challenge: To bring 150 million hectares of the world’s deforested and degraded land into restoration by 2020, and 350 million hectares by 2030. Details, Madhya Pradesh Books Topper Recommended, UPSC Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) has been defined by the Parties to the Convention as: A state whereby the amount and quality of land resources, necessary to support ecosystem functions and services and enhance food security, remains stable or increases within … There are more organisms in a kilogram of soil, for instance, than there are human beings on Earth. These poisonous chemicals are collectively called biocides (agents that kill organisms) they are not selective i.e., they not only kill the target pests but may also kill other non/not target and other useful organisms. As the entire field is not harvested at one time and so it is not bare or exposed all at once and the land remains protected from erosion. Stay updated with latest news on desertification. Sheet, rill, gully, and stream bank erosion also causes siltation of rivers, streams, and fields. Prelims Syllabus, UPSC GS The launch of Global Initiative to reduce Land Degradation and Coral Reef … Trampling and grazing by cattle destroy the vegetation of the area. Soil erosion is the loosening and displacement of topsoil from the land due to the action of agents like wind and water. by connecting teachers and students seemlessly. Soil pollution is described as the impurity of soil of a particular region. It refers to the advancement of the desert into the adjoining regions, thereby affecting the fertility of nearby lands. The vegetation cover over sandy soils should be kept above 30%.Access of wind to the soil should be controlled by leaving the stubble or mulch on the soil. World geography test for all . Both these degrade the soil. Gullies covering a large area lead to the formation of badland topography. Improving Soil/Agro-Biodiversity: Soil biota are important to soil quality and reduce risks of degradation and desertification. To fight this menace, India will convert degraded land of nearly 50 lakh (5 million) hectares to fertile land in the next 10 years (between 2021 and 2030). MCQs, Public the most difficult exams, Live Online. This is achieved by ploughing in crop residues or entire the crop grown specifically for being ploughed into the ground. Sedimentation of water bodies deteriorates water quality and damage aquatic habitats and organisms. Soil Landslides Factors of Soil Formation Degradation of Soil and Conservation Measures - 1. Classes, Engineering Career If a field is ploughed in the fall, erosion can take place all winter long, however, if the ground cover remains until spring, there is not as much time for the erosion to take place. (iii) In the event any disease or pest invades the field, the entire crop is usually wiped out leaving the bare soil susceptible to water and wind. This leads to soil salinization, which renders the soil unfit for cultivation. Soil erosion by water is termed differently according to the intensity and nature of erosion. Ansari - Lukmaan IAS, Alok Ranjan - Alok In this article, You will read Soil Erosion, Land Degradation, and Soil Conservation for UPSC (Biogeography). Studies Full Course by Toppers 25, Anthropology Hindi Geography. Card, GATE To fight this menace, India will convert degraded land of nearly 50 lakh (5 million) hectares to fertile land in the next 10 years (between 2021 and 2030). It is essential to retain vegetation cover that soil is not exposed to rain, vegetation cover is important because roots of plants hold soil particles together. Exam Pattern, KPSC A link to reset your password has been sent to. The various types of soil erosion are consequently referred to as: Running water is one of the main agents, which carries away soil particles. Get exclusive UPSC Resources that I only share with Telegram subscribers. Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas : Environment for UPSC Exams The report is a part of an on-going study, initiated by the Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, was led by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is persistence that makes these chemicals harmful to us. The construction of such facilities causes massive disturbance to the land, resulting in soil erosion and disruption of the natural drainage system. / TPSC, Madhya Upon further erosion, gullies deepen into ravines which can be deeper than 30 m. Ravine beds are usually flat. Electrical Prep Strategy, GATE Land degradation means reduction in the potential of the land to produce benefits from a particular land use under a specified form of land management. The main causes of the land degradation include Climate Change, Land clearance and deforestation, Depletion of soil nutrients through poor farming practices, Overgrazing and over grafting, inappropriate irrigation, Urban sprawl and commercial development and Soil Pollution. Consequently, a creeping effect of desertification sets in, and the fertility of the land is lost progressively. Flowing water, rainwater, and the wind are the prime agents which cause a significant amount of soil loss each year. Rock Dam 4. Answer Key, GATE IAS, Engineering Career The extraction of useful natural resources such as metals, minerals, and fossil fuels, etc., from the land causes serious disturbance to the land leading to soil erosion and drastic changes in the landscape. Shifting cultivation practised in tribal areas exhausts the soil of its nutrients, apart from exposing it to erosion by wind, water, and drying it under the sun. Exam Paper, IES Engineering, Success Point IAS It is a process in which the top layer of the soil gets removed. Land degradation is, however, difficult to grasp in its totality. Recruitment, UPSC Exam This will lead to an increase in average food prices of up to 30%. Exam Pattern, SSC CGL The microbes make use nitrate and phosphate in the degradation process. Details, SSC CGL Desertification means the degradation of fertile land due to loss of its flora and fauna. Environmental Pollution And Degradation Essay for UPSC IAS IPS. Soil Erosion is one form of soil degradation. Certain human activities accelerate soil erosion. Wind Erosion: depletion of forests leads to loosening of soil particles due to lack of roots and moisture in soil. Soil Erosion is one form of soil degradation. From UPSC perspective, the following things are important : Prelims level : ... A Centre for Excellence would be set up in Dehradun for land degradation neutrality. Vegetation and soil management should be improved in order to increase soil organic matter. Key, RRB JE Exam Affairs, Weekly Current the email address associated with your account, and we will email Syllabus, UPSC CAPF In today’s age, the most dangerous and critical problem for the human race is pollution which affects our environment. Land degradation is the loss of biophysical components of soil due to anthroprogenic (deforestration, excess chemical use,mining) and natural (forest fire). Course, Pavan Kumar - Too much of soil erosion causes serious loss of topsoil and also reduces crop production potential, lower surface water quality, and damaged drainage networks. Biodegradation means a decline in the bio-diversity, natural resources, and other biotic resources. Course, Foundation - Forests also recycle nutrients by adding decomposed organic matter back to the soil. Developmental activities: Soil erosion may also occur because of various developmental activities such as housing, transport, communication, recreation, etc. Another world on top of this, equal in numbers, demands and hopes. Deforestation leads to erosion. Optional & Test Series by Praveen Kishore, General Affairs Analysis, Weekly ; Under the Presidency: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Details, IES Answer Key Sheet, rill, gully, and stream bank erosion also cause siltation of rivers, streams, and fields. Natural factors such as drought, storms on sea, land and deserts such as hurricanes, tornadoes, carina and volcanic eruptions. Since all the nutrients essential for supporting plant life, contained in the topsoil are eroded the soil loses its ability to sustain vegetation and becomes a degraded land. The carbon stored in soil is released into the atmosphere when land is degraded, and about 60% of the earth’s organic carbon has been lost through land degradation. Ankit Avasthi. Excessive tilling of land due to multiple crop seasons coupled with lack of crop rotation makes the soil weak. Soil erosion by water occurs by means of raindrops, waves, or ice. Affairs, Practice Answer Key All this prevents replenishment of moisture. Notification, IES From UPSC perspective, the following things are important : Prelims level : Desertification and Land Degradation. Prolonged degradation of land leads to desertification. Farmers in India are complaining about low productivity because of various reasons and soil degradation is one of them. Online Application, UPSC (ii) Without vegetation natural rainfall is not retained by the soil and flows rapidly over the surface rather than into the ground. Soil erosion usually happens at a much faster rate than soil formation, soil erosion leads to a gradual degradation of soil quality. The roots, which weakens the soil is a process in which the soil eroded! 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These chemicals harmful to US rainwater starts creating numerous long, finger-shaped grooves in silt-laden soils it! 61.7 % and that by wind erosion to10.24 % diameter falling through air!, excessive grazing by cattle destroy the vegetation of the soil to its! Causes loss of large volumes of soil particles support vegetation, particularly crops. Produced on our soils time ) should be located behind the dune system, Alumni! Should be planted in such a way so that they break the force of the desert is... Way of human activities erosion causes the worst type of soil, displace soil particles pace of desertification makes!