The battlefield medical care offered to Americas military today has its roots firmly planted in the innovative medical care of the American Civil War. Similarly, Robert Beecham, in his memoir, As If It Were Glory, Lanham, Maryland, 1998, p. 166, says of the 23rd U.S.C.T. July 21 Union troops occupy Harpers Ferry. $199.99 + $17.99 shipping. State's participation as a Union slave state; a border state, Marylanders fought both for the Union and the Confederacy, Constitution of 1864, and the abolition of slavery. However, as the war progressed, the conditions at Salisbury plummeted. [34] Indeed, when Lincoln's dismissal of Chief Justice Taney's ruling was criticized in a September 1861 editorial by Baltimore newspaper editor Frank Key Howard (Francis Scott Key's grandson), Howard was himself arrested by order of Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward and held without trial. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. as the first southern city occupied by the Union Army. [63], While Major General George B. McClellan's 87,000-man Army of the Potomac was moving to intercept Lee, a Union soldier discovered a mislaid copy of the detailed battle plans of Lee's army, on Sunday 14 September. On April 14, 1865 the actor John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. After he shot Lincoln, Booth shouted "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). Confederate General John McCausland bragged to Ulysses Grant that McCausland had come closer to taking the city than any other Confederate general. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" South The right to vote was eventually extended to non-white males in the Maryland Constitution of 1867, which remains in effect today. Maryland exile George H. Steuart, leading the 2nd Maryland Infantry regiment, is said to have jumped down from his horse, kissed his native soil and stood on his head in jubilation. [86] Democrats therefore re-branded themselves the "Democratic Conservative Party", and Republicans called themselves the "Union" party, in an attempt to distance themselves from their most radical elements during the war. Next, was an encounter between some of Stuarts soldiers and the students of a female academy in Rockville, thus delaying the army again. Because of this previous imprisonment, they were weaker and more susceptible to the harsh conditions and communicable diseases that flourished at Florence Stockade. Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates cost rebel General Jubal Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C. Across the state, some 50,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the United States Army. ", Cannon, Jessica Ann. William A. Dobak, Freedom by the Sword, Skyhorse Publishing, 2013, Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, constitution which the state adopted in 1864, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, History of the Maryland Militia in the Civil War, List of Maryland Confederate Civil War units. Communicable diseases such as smallpox and rubella swept through Alton Prison like wild fire, killing hundreds. By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. They remembered themselves in monuments through their generals. 51-52. [28] By May 21 there was no need to send further troops. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. In Western Maryland, Lees efforts came to head with the bloodiest single-day battle of the Civil War at Antietam. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". The Man Who (Almost) Conquered Washington: Gen. John McCauslandSpeaker: James H. Johnston. First, Stuarts army demonstrated their control of Rockville by rounding up Union officials and taking them prisoner. The poet Walt Whitman was driven to comment on the shocking living arrangements at Belle Isle after encountering surviving prisoners, appalled at "the measureless torments of thehelpless young men, with all their humiliations, hunger, cold, filth, despair, hope utterly given out, and the more and more frequent mental imbecility.". In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. History One prisoner in seven died, for a total of 4,200 deaths by 1865. Murphy v. Porter. Imprisoned in both Andersonville and Florence, Private John McElroy noted in his book Andersonville: a Story of Rebel Military Prisons that I think also that all who experienced confinement in the two places are united in pronouncing Florence to be, on the whole, much the worse place and more fatal to life. In October 1864, 20 to 30 prisoners died per day. [8] Other residents, and a majority of the legislature, wished to remain in the Union, but did not want to be involved in a war against their southern neighbors, and sought to prevent a military response by Lincoln to the South's secession. [37] The court objected that this disruption of its process was unconstitutional, but noted that it was powerless to enforce its prerogatives. or "The South shall be free!" Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. [55] Later in 1861, Baltimore resident W W Glenn described Steuart as a fugitive from the authorities: I was spending the evening out when a footstep approached my chair from behind and a hand was laid upon me. Lincoln had wished to issue his proclamation earlier, but needed a military victory in order for his proclamation not to become self-defeating. WebMaryland in the American Civil War. Civil War veterans did it differently. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. This is a PowerPoint presentation. This program lasts about 45 to 50 minutes, is suitable for adults and young adults, and could be used in classrooms. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Harpers Ferry is not occupied by either side again until February 1862. His executive officer was the Marylander George H. Steuart, who would later be known as "Maryland Steuart" to distinguish him from his more famous cavalry colleague J.E.B. Of the more than 150 prisons established during the war, the following eightexamples illustrate the challenges facing the roughly 400,000 men who had been imprisoned by war's end. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. [6] Not all blacks in Maryland were slaves. While it emancipated the state's slaves, it did not mean equality for them, in part because the franchise continued to be restricted to white males. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. Life in a CCC Camp The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. P ri mary source material documenting the inhumane conditions in Civil War prisoner of war camps abounds. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! [25] Butler then sent a letter to the commander of Fort McHenry: I have taken possession of Baltimore. 127 Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick The Lost Order Shrouded in a Cloak of Mystery Antietam Campaign 1862 After crossing the Potomac River early in September 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of Northern Virginia into three separate wings. Plumbs newest book,The Better Angels, will be published by Potomac Books, an imprint of University of Nebraska Press, in March of 2020. 2023 Montgomery County Historical Society. Despite the controversial number Confederates claiming only a few hundred and the Union claiming upwards of 15,000 mortalities the dreadful conditions Federal prisoners faced is unquestionable. After shooting the President, Booth galloped on his horse into Southern Maryland, where he was sheltered and helped by sympathetic residents and smuggled at night across the Potomac River into Virginia a week later. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. Most Marylanders fought for the Union, but after the war a number of memorials were erected in sympathy with the Lost Cause of the Confederacy, including in Baltimore a Confederate Women's Monument, and a Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Monument. [12] Chaos ensued as a giant brawl began between fleeing soldiers, the violent mob, and the Baltimore police who tried to suppress the violence. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Commandants purposely cut ration sizes and quality for personal profit, leading to illness, scurvy, and starvation. When the writ was delivered to General Andrew Porter Provost Marshal of the District of Columbia he had both the lawyer delivering the writ and the United States Circuit Judge, Marylander William Matthew Merrick, who issued the writ, arrested to prevent them from proceeding in the case United States ex rel. In that time, the number of men packing onto the tiny island grew to more than 30,000 men. For more than three years - May 1862 through July 1865 - Union soldiers lived, worked, and played on Maryland Heights. 3. In early summer 1864, theUnions prospects for victory in the Civil War brightened when Union General Ulysses Grant besiegedRichmond. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maryland_in_the_American_Civil_War&oldid=1142195385, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Scharf, J. Thomas (1967 (reissue of 1879 ed.)). During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Visitors marvel at the courage of Stuart and his men to cross the mile-wide river, filled with rocks, rapids, and whirlpools. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Your Brother in Arms, which offer a front-line soldiers view of some of the most crucial battles fought during the Civil War from Gettysburg to Petersburg. Duncan, Richard Ray. WebAfter the battle of Gettysburg, Confederate prisoners were sent to Point Lookout Prison Headings - Maryland--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps - Maryland Campaign, 1862--Maps - United States--Maryland Notes It was 1942. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. [20] On April 29, the Legislature voted decisively 5313 against secession,[21][22] though they also voted not to reopen rail links with the North, and they requested that Lincoln remove Union troops from Maryland. Most of the men enlisted into regiments from Virginia or the Carolinas, but six companies of Marylanders formed at Harpers Ferry into the Maryland Battalion. It is located along the coast of Maryland only five feet above sea level, on approximately 30 acres of level land. The 120 or so Union soldiers interned there were fed meager yet adequate rations, sanitation was passable, shielding from the elements was provided, and the prisoners were even allowed to play recreational games such as baseball. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. [citation needed] However, the constitution secured ratification once the votes of Union army soldiers from Maryland were included. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[81] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. A soldier who survived his ordeal in a camp often bore deep psychological scars and physical maladies that may or may not have healed in time. He and his comrades had been captured during a bloody battle at Plymouth, North Carolina. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. Provided by Touchpoints Contact Info Mailing Address: The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. Candace Ridington portrays all of the characters using a mix of props and clothing alterations. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. The nature of the deaths and the reasons for them are a continuing source of controversy. The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, just outside Frederick, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. Overcrowding was yet again a major problem. The single bloodiest day of combat in American military history occurred during the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Maryland Campaign, just north above the Potomac River near Sharpsburg in Washington County, at the Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. Songs and Stories from the Blue and the Gray Speaker: Patrick Lacefield. [29] Civil authority in Baltimore was swiftly withdrawn from all those who had not been steadfastly in favor of the Federal Government's emergency measures.[30]. The shortage of food in the Confederate States, and the refusal of Union authorities to reinstate the prisoner exchange, are also cited as contributing factors. The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They Stuart crossed the Potomac River with 5,000 horsemen including artillery at Rowsers Ford and proceeded to ransack Montgomery County. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. The 1860 Federal Census[7] showed there were nearly as many free blacks (83,942) as slaves (87,189) in Maryland, although the latter were much more dominant in southern counties. Even though antebellum prison buildings provided some protection from the elements, blistering summers and brutal winters weakened the immune systems of the already malnourished and shabbily clothed Rebel prisoners. [74] Article 24 of the constitution at last outlawed the practice of slavery. "[36] Although previous secession votes, in spring 1861, had failed by large margins,[22] there were legitimate concerns that the war-averse Assembly would further impede the federal government's use of Maryland infrastructure to wage war on the South. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. The Confederacy opened Salisbury Prison, converted from a robustly constructed cotton mill, in 1861. But, as S. Waite August 17 Union troops withdraw from the town to the Maryland shore. On the night of June 27, 1863, Confederate General J.E.B. Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. The earthworks were removed by 1869. [45] This is the only time in United States military history that two regiments of the same numerical designation and from the same state have engaged each other in battle. Union Army Surgeon Dr. Edward Stonestreet & His Civil War Hospital in RockvilleSpeaker: Clarence Hickey. He goes about from place to place, sometimes staying in one county, sometimes in another and then passing a few days in the city. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion [5] Frederick would later be extorted by Jubal Early, who threatened to burn down the city if its residents did not pay a ransom. During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. The disorder inspired James Ryder Randall, a Marylander living in Louisiana, to write a poem which would be put to music and, in 1939, become the state song, "Maryland, My Maryland" (it remained the official state song until March 2021). J.E.B. Although Union leadership mandated a ceiling of 4,000 prisoners at Elmira, within a month of its opening that numbered had swelled to 12,123 men. [12] Panicked by the situation, several soldiers fired into the mob, whether "accidentally", "in a desultory manner", or "by the command of the officers" is unclear. In other words, the Assembly members could only agree to state that the war was being fought over the issue of secession. In 1865, when the number of prisoners ballooned to its peak, the death rate exceeded 28%. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, as a slave-holding border state, was deeply divided over the antebellum arguments over states' rights and the future of slavery in the Union. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. [82] A home for retired Confederate soldiers in Pikesville, Maryland opened in 1888 and did not close until 1932. In March 1862, the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. [70] The harshness of conditions at Point Lookout, and in particular whether such conditions formed part of a deliberate policy of "vindictive directives" from Washington, is a matter of some debate. [84] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. Due to its proximity to the Eastern Theater, the camp quickly became dramatically overcrowded. They resemble, in many respects, patients laboring under cretinism. "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. Prisoners at Andersonville also made matters worse for themselves by relieving themselves where they gathered their drinking water, resulting in widespread outbreaks of disease, and by forming into gangs for the purpose of beating or murdering weaker men for food, supplies, and booty. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. [9], After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, many citizens began forming local militias, determined to prevent a future slave uprising. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. The presentation shows the work by blacks and white alike to aid and save enslaved people. Donate Now, Civil War in Montgomery County and the Region. A follow up guided tour of the blockhouse and outpost campsite can also be arranged. Based on a letter that Dora, an ardent abolitionist, wrote to her mother describing her trials as rebel general J.E.B. Hatboro, PA: Tradition Press, Whitman H. Ridgway. WebSeal of Maryland during the war. Col. Hoffman forced Confederate prisoners to sleep outside in the open while furnishing them with little to no shelter. Harris (2011) pp. [61], One of the bloodiest battles fought in the Civil war (and one of the most significant) was the Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, in which Marylanders fought with distinction for both armies. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. Gonzlez, Felipe, Guillermo Marshall, and Suresh Naidu. 228-259 listing more than 300 men born in Maryland. Emancipation did not immediately bring citizenship for former slaves. It was the largest Union POW camp and one of the most secure, as it was 56,000 men died in prison camps over the course of the war, accounting for roughly 10% of the war's total death toll and exceeding American combat losses in World War I, Korea, and Vietnam. World War II was raging 3,000 miles away. [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. At its peak, over 20,000 Confederate soldiers occupied Point Lookout at any given time, more than double its intended occupancy. Lincoln ignored the ruling of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in "Ex parte Merryman" decision in 1861 concerning freeing John Merryman, a prominent Southern sympathizer arrested by the military. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. Arrests of Confederate sympathizers and those critical of Lincoln and the war soon followed, and Steuart's brother, the militia general George H. Steuart, fled to Charlottesville, Virginia, after which much of his family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government. The 1860 Census reported the chief destinations of internal immigrants from Maryland as Ohio and Pennsylvania, followed by Virginia and the District of Columbia. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. According to one of his aides: "We loved Maryland, we felt that she was in bondage against her will, and we burned with desire to have a part in liberating her". [75] The Marylanders serving in the Union Army were overwhelmingly in favor of the new Constitution, supporting ratification by a margin of 2,633 to 263.[75]. Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity.